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Several
billion neurons fire to identify the patterns of
life all around us. Over a hundred million fire
when they recognize light. Others fire to
recognize odors, taste, touch, sounds and much
more. All these signals reach the sensory cortex.
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The
sensory information provides current context.
This information then travels to the association
regions. Here, perceived objects are recognized.
If one region fails, you cannot recognize a pair
of scissors, with your eyes closed. You can feel
the scissors, but you don't know what it is.
Other regions recognize events. Science has
identified each recognition region.
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The
data of recognized events and of the current
needs of the body travel to a region called the
limbic system. This region uses this context to
generate emotions. The region is believed to be
the seat of emotions. When patterns of nerve
impulses fire in this region you feel anger, or
shame. The global pattern of firing of these
cells define your current feeling and emotion.
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A
region called the somesthetic cortex interprets
the context of current feelings to trigger motor
drives. Electrical stimulation of the neurons in
this region can cause activities such as the
flexing of a muscle, or even involuntary cries.
Broad drives are reported to be triggered from
this region.
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The
impulses from the motor regions proceed to an
organ called the cerebellum, which inserts habits
into the system. In a computer, a command
activates a series of programmed activities. So
also, in the cerebellum, an intention from the
motor cortex is translated into sequences of
learned movements.
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The
stream of impulses are more finely co-ordinated
in the spinal chord, which delivers impulses to
activate muscles. Muscles only contract. So, when
one muscle contracts, an opposing one must relax.
These instructions are delivered thousands of
times a second, when you write a letter, or speak
a word. The spinal cord delivers the final motor
output.
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Science
has identified the regions which control each
activity. But, it has not viewed them all as the
parts of a flowing contextual pattern recognition
process. A nerve cell is the basic elelment of
this system. It has many inputs called dendrites
and a single output through its axon. Science
assumes that the inputs are computed to produce
an output. But, if the nerve cell recognizes
combinations, it can recognize patterns. It can
recognize context.
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If a
nerve cell has inputs from A to G, and if it
fires on receiving impulses at ABC, or DEF, then
it is recognizing ABC and DEF. This is
Combinatorial Coding, which can explain so many
subtleties of the mind. Nerve cells fire to
report both touch and pain. Combinatorial Coding
can explain how a touch can subdue pain. It can
explain how nerve cells can respond to context.
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Combinatorial
coding was suggested as early as 1991. Science
has recently recognized this possibility.
Recently, a Nobel Prize was awarded for the
discovery that the nerve cells recognize smells
through combinatorial coding. The concept has
been validated. But the power of combinatorial
coding has not been fully realized.
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Ages
ago, the neurons of nosebrains remembered
combinations to identify smells. Such neurons,
with thousands of dendrites, could have memories
for trillions of combinations. Science still
seeks the location of human memory, despite the
discovery of combinatorial coding. But, that
discovery revealed that the nervous system could
be an immense knowledgebase, with vast memories
of context. And, its codes could reside within
that database.
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Walter
Freeman, the famous neurobiologist believed the
mind brought its entire memory to bear on
evaluation of the next moment. Nerve cells can
carry a lifetime of our memories and use
elimination to instantly recognize context.
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The
nervous system is a production system, where
sensory inputs and experiences are stored and
recognized in context, to produce feelings and
emotions. The most powerful feeling becomes the
current feeling. The current feeling is
translated by the motor system to produce a motor
output. The intuitve process achieves all this in
a few ten thousandth's of a second. It is an
automatic pattern recognition process.
Next....
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